Craftsmen hammer and shape pure copper sheets to form the base structure of the cloisonné piece. This step determines the overall form and stability of the final artwork.

Thin, flat copper wires are carefully bent, cut, and glued onto the copper body to outline intricate patterns. This delicate work requires years of experience and steady hands.

Vibrant mineral enamel pigments are filled into the sections formed by the copper wires. Each color is applied by hand, bringing vivid beauty to the design.

The piece is fired in a high-temperature kiln. The enamel melts and solidifies during firing. This process is repeated multiple times until the enamel is level and full.

After firing, the surface is polished with stones and charcoal to smooth the enamel and reveal clear, sharp patterns.

The exposed copper parts are gilded to prevent oxidation and add a luxurious, elegant finish. This final step completes the classic imperial look of cloisonné.